Photon is optimized for SQL workloads, delivering significant speedups through vectorized execution and native C++ performance. However, Photon only accelerates workloads that use compatible operations and data patterns. If a workload includes unsupported functions, unoptimized joins, or falls back to interpreted execution, Photon may be silently bypassed — even on a Photon-enabled cluster. In this case, users are billed at a premium DBU rate while receiving no meaningful speed or efficiency gain. This inefficiency typically arises when teams enable Photon globally without validating workload compatibility or updating their pipelines to follow Photon best practices. The result is higher costs with no corresponding benefit — a classic case of configuration drift outpacing optimization discipline.

Databricks cost optimization begins with visibility. Unlike traditional IaaS services, Databricks operates as an orchestration layer spanning compute, storage, and execution — but its billing data often lacks granularity by workload, job, or team. This creates a visibility gap: costs fluctuate without clear root causes, ownership is unclear, and optimization efforts stall due to lack of actionable insight. When costs are not attributed functionally — for example, to orchestration (query/job DBUs), compute (cloud VMs), storage, or data transfer — it becomes difficult to pinpoint what’s driving spend or where improvements can be made. As a result, inefficiencies persist not due to a single misconfiguration, but because the system lacks the structure to surface them.